Razón, poesía, historia.--La cuestión del estoicismo español.--El querer.

El artículo tiene como finalidad justificar por qué es importante incluir las pedagogías propias de los pueblos originarios en los programas de formación docente de educación básica a nivel nacional, como valores compartidos de su patrimonio cultural tangible e intangible. Este patrimonio cultural es el pilar histórico de México, que por supuesto no se encuentra sólo en los pueblos originarios, sino que responde a un proceso histórico social determinado de la nación y que, a pesar de la conquista europea, (...) siguió prevaleciendo en las pedagogías y valores propios de los pueblos originarios. Proponemos cristalizar estos patrimonios culturales de los pueblos originarios para ser considerados como pedagogías propias en los programas de formación docente y desde este campo de formación compartir los valores culturales a través de sus saberes, sabidurías y prácticas culturales que han prevalecido a lo largo de la historia y que den cuenta en los planes y programas de estudio con igualdad y equidad cultural en el Sistema Educativo Nacional. Asimismo, se exponen los procesos de contradicción que los pueblos originarios han vivido y han asumido a lo largo de las políticas educativas dirigidas a la educación indígena. Finalmente, se plantean algunas consideraciones para estos programas de formación docente. (shrink)

Entre outubro e novembro de 2022, um trabalho de tamanho fôlego sai do prelo na cena cultural e intelectual mexicana. Trata-se de El nihilismo mexicano: una reflexión filosófica de autoria de Mario Teodoro Ramírez vindo a lume pela Bonilla Artigas [...].

This article explores the case of informal car parkers in Mexico City, to whom drivers regularly entrust the keys to their vehicles. In contrast to literature on social trust that expects institutional trust and interpersonal trust to support one another, the article shows that interpersonal trust improbably arises in the context of corrupt and inefficient institutions. Coercive and market dynamics undergird the interactions among car parkers, police officers, and drivers, making possible the emergence of an informal market and noncontractual agreements. (...) The exchange between car parkers and drivers depends on the performance of class—a performance that becomes legible and formulaic enough to appear safe, precisely because it coalesces classist tropes that are clearly distinct and recognizable. Interpersonal trust becomes possible not only despite class cleavages and institutional shortcomings but, paradoxically, because of them. (shrink)

The establishment of Mexico's National Bioethics Commission (Comisión Nacional de Bioética), in 1992, was conceived within the context of a global movement aimed at raising awareness of the ethical implications of technological and scientific development, especially in biomedicine. In 2005, a new decree put the commission under the scope of the Secretariat of Health and granted it technical and operational autonomy, allowing it to become a regulatory agency aimed at promoting a culture of bioethics, encouraging reflection on human health, and (...) developing guidelines for health care, research, and education, through a global, secular, and democratic perspective. The commission became the leading actor in the strategy for institutionalizing bioethics in Mexico after reforms to the country's General Health Act in 2011, which required that public, social assistance, or private health care facilities establish a hospital bioethics committee to address bioethical dilemmas or issues and, when relevant, a research ethics committee to address research with human subjects. This assignment has shifted the focus of the activities and goals of the National Bioethics Commission toward establishing these committees in line with current regulations and developing mechanisms to ensure that they operate with the highest standards of ethical conduct, performance, and accountability. (shrink)

The closely related debates concerning abortion, the protection of the embryo and stem cell science have captured the legislative agenda in Mexico in recent years. This paper examines some contemporary debates related to stem cell science and the legal and political action that has followed in the wake of the latest Supreme Court judgment on abortion, which debates are directly linked to the degrees of protection of the embryo stipulated in the Mexican Constitution. While some Mexican states have opted to (...) take no further action, others, where conservative political forces are in the majority, have been very active in seeking to ensure that their constitutions are amended to protect human life from conception onwards. This intense legislative activity has not, however, been repeated at the federal level, where there is currently no overarching national regulatory framework governing stem cell research. Although major efforts have been made by the conservative block within the Senate to bring forward legislative proposals for the prohibition of human embryonic stem cell research, and despite the public expression by the federal government of its commitment to encourage inward investment and innovation in the area of biotechnology, stem cell science has, so far, remained unregulated. The legislative challenge is to resist the pressure that has been injected by religious leaders and to act in accordance with the values and principles adopted by the community in the Mexican Constitution. In the final analysis, Mexico faces particular difficulties in accommodating conservative political forces on one hand, while recognising on the other its need, as an emerging economy, to promote a progressive approach to innovation in biotechnology. (shrink)

As in other countries, medical ethics in Mexico has rescued the world of philosophical ethics from oblivion. The needs of clinical medicine gave birth to Mexican bioethics. After the growth of scientific and technologic subjects in medical schools, the humanities, such as medical history, deontology, and medical philosophy, were replaced by such core subjects as radiology, pharmacology, and microbiology. Since the 1950s, graduates from Mexican medical schools have not been exposed to any courses in the medical humanities.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer las características sociodemográficas y laborales de las mujeres indígenas migrantes hidalguenses que se dedican al trabajo doméstico en el estado de Nuevo León, México. Para alcanzar este objetivo se explorarán la encuesta intercensal del 2015. En comparación con otros movimientos migratorios, la migración interna de mujeres en México ha sido poco estudiada, en particular la protagonizada por población indígena. Entre los principales resultados encontramos que las mujeres migrantes hidalguenses que se dedican (...) al trabajo doméstico remunerado en Nuevo León tienen condiciones de precariedad laboral como producto de la institucionalización social, cultural y jurídica de la desigualdad y la injusticia estructural. Es un trabajo desvalorizado socialmente, ya que se considera propio de la construcción social de los roles de género femenino, como consecuencia encontramos que se legitima la discriminación en términos jurídicos, ante la falta del reconocimiento económico y de sus derechos laborales. (shrink)

A lo largo del siglo XIX mexicano, la definición de las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado estuvo siempre en la mesa de la discusión pública. Desde la independencia y hasta el movimiento de Reforma, se trató de delimitar el papel que la institución eclesiástica debía ocupar en la nueva nación. Así, a mediados de siglo se reconfiguró en respuesta la secularización que se produjo en México y en gran parte del mundo occidental.

Este trabajo trata de la importancia que tienen los estudiantes de medicina para responder a las demandas de atención médica en México; alude al proceso histórico que determina esta situación y la construcción de la categoría “médicos en formación”; refiere las condiciones laborales, educativas y de salud de los estudiantes de medicina en las unidades médicas, y su impacto sobre la calidad de la atención médica. Desde la perspectiva ética y de los derechos humanos se plantea que los programas (...) de educación médica, y en particular la categoría de “médicos en formación”, pueden, paradójicamente, violentar tanto el derecho a la educación como el derecho a la atención médica, y dañar tanto la salud de los estudiantes como la de la población por ellos atendida. Se concluye que debe desarrollarse un nuevo respaldo ético docente asistencial para educación médica en las unidades de atención médica. (shrink)

Si en una fingida encuesta se planteara la cuestión más bien extraña, quizá un punto absurda ―como las de tantos otros sondeos de las opiniones de las gentes―, acerca de cuál es la obra que mejor expresa el derrotero histórico de la fenomenología en España a lo largo del siglo XX, yo al menos, sin pretender condicionar la dóxa de nadie, contestaría señalando no a una obra original sino a una peculiar traducción de Husserl al castellano. Dicha traducción, que iba (...) precedida de un largo estudio introductorio, se publicó incompleta, y, por si fuera poco, apareció además fuera de España: en México, en el año incierto de 1942. De una imprenta de la Ciudad de México salía al mundo en esa fecha, en efecto, la notable versión que José Gaos preparó de las Meditaciones cartesianas de Edmund Husserl. O mejor, salía a la luz su traducción de las cuatro primeras meditaciones, pues la versión castellana de la meditación quinta desapareció bajo los escombros del piso madrileño en que la familia Gaos vivía antes de la guerra (calle de Marqués de Urquijo 15). (shrink)

ABSTRACT International research enrolling human subjects has raised an ethical concern regarding the just distribution of benefits between the countries that design the research and the host communities. Although several universal declarations have expressed this concern, a gap between theory and practice continues to exist, as well as a significant divergence between the design of the research protocol and the social context where it will be implemented. Although institutional review boards have made a valuable effort to evaluate international research, their (...) sensitivity to the just sharing of research benefits as well as their attention to the social context must be evaluated. This article analyzes the distribution of benefits in a review of international research in Mexico and produces an ethical reflection based on the results. (shrink)

In the 1930s, the Otomi people living north of Mexico City became a model population for addressing the problems of poverty and "backwardness" of the Indian population. Mexican physiologists working in the capital chose the Otomies not least because they lived in easy reach of their laboratories. A collecting trip could be managed in a day and samples safely handled and promptly transferred to laboratory conditions. Following the Mexican teams that were funded by the newly created Autonomous Department of Indigenous (...) Affairs, French researchers descended on the Otomies to study their metabolism, using the networks and infrastructures put in place by their local colleagues. Their investigations, aimed at establishing... (shrink)

RESUMEN: La libertad de expresión es un derecho aún pendiente por garantizar por parte del Estado mexicano si éste se considera comprometido con el resguardo de los derechos humanos. Prueba de lo anterior, son las numerosas violaciones de sus derechos a periodistas y personas defensoras de derechos humanos, lo que se traduce en un Estado en el que ejercer la libertad de expresión, se puede estar firmando una sentencia de muerte. ABSTRACT: Freedom of expression is a still pending right to (...) be guaranteed by the Mexican State if he considers itself committed with the safeguarding human rights. Proof of the previous text, are the numerous violations to journalist rights and human right defenders, which it translates into a state in which to exercise freedom of expression, could be a death sentence.PALABRAS CLAVE: libertad de expresión, derechos humanos, estado constitucional, México.KEYWORDS: freedom of expression, human rights, constitutional state, Mexico. (shrink)

End-of-life decision-making in patients with dementia is a complex topic. Belgium and the Netherlands have been at the forefront of legislative advancement and progressive societal changes concerning the perspectives toward physician-assisted death (PAD). Careful consideration of clinical and social aspects is essential during the end-of-life decision-making process in patients with dementia. Geriatric assent provides the physician, the patient and his family the opportunity to end life with dignity. Unbearable suffering, decisional competence, and awareness of memory deficits are among the clinical (...) considerations that physicians should incorporate during the end-of-life decision-making process. However, as other societies introduce legislature granting the right of PAD, new social determinants should be considered; Mexico City is an example. Current perspectives regarding advance euthanasia directives (AED) and PAD in patients with dementia are evolving. A new perspective that hinges on the role of the family and geriatric assent should help culturally heterogeneous societies in the transition of their public health care policies regarding end-of-life choices. (shrink)

International research enrolling human subjects has raised an ethical concern regarding the just distribution of benefits between the countries that design the research and the host communities. Although several universal declarations have expressed this concern, a gap between theory and practice continues to exist, as well as a significant divergence between the design of the research protocol and the social context where it will be implemented. Although institutional review boards have made a valuable effort to evaluate international research, their sensitivity (...) to the just sharing of research benefits as well as their attention to the social context must be evaluated. This article analyzes the distribution of benefits in a review of international research in Mexico and produces an ethical reflection based on the results. (shrink)

When the conquerors arrived in the Valley of Mexico, they were amazed at the creations of the culture inherited from the Toltec tradition. With the prurpose of acknowledging this culture, this paper points out that words such as truth, thinking, and doubt have a very different connotation in modern European philosophy, to the Anahuac culture, which flourished in the Valley of Mexico between the 9th and 16th centuries. This writing presents a comparison of the process to obtain true knowledge according (...) to the rationality of the Nahua world of the 16th century and three authors of European modernity: Descartes, Kant and Hegel. Modernity is found to present a dominant and egocentric subject with self-referential thinking. In the Nahua culture the ideal is the man with a "heart of stone" and a "wise face" who seeks what is true, what has roots, and expresses it through poetry, “the flower and the song”. (shrink)

Summer 2010 was marked by one of the worst environmental disasters ever experienced on a global scale. Following the explosion of the oil rig Deepwater Horizon on April 20—the drilling platform for British Petroleum—thousands of tons of crude oil spilled into the Gulf of Mexico. As a result, water and energy came together in ways that had the potential to do tremendous damage to the land and the air, which were invaded by an oil slick and toxic gases. This was (...) clearly a man-made crisis, which the world watched with shock and dismay. In the aftermath of this event and the chaos caused by greed and incompetence, it is important to remind humanity of what it might have forgotten. Ancient philosophy .. (shrink)

Pretendemos con este texto explorar la presencia y función, a veces problemática y contradictoria, del pensamiento orteguiano y de algunos de los conceptos fundamentales de su circunstancialismo, en su trasvase directo –vía sus reflexiones argentinas– o su trasplante críticamente mediado –vía México–, a tierras americanas. La relevancia en la promoción y justificación del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano moderno y actual de las ideas orteguianas adquieren especial interés cuando son indagadas en los años cruciales del inicio del destierro español en (...) class='Hi'>México. (shrink)

Cesarean sections are one of the most commonly performed surgical operations worldwide. Though evidence suggests that non-medically indicated cesarean sections raise the health risks for mothers and their babies and result in increased costs of health care compared with vaginal deliveries, reports are common that the frequency of performance of this surgical procedure is far above WHO recommendations. Of special concern has been the current increase of cesarean delivery rates in some Latin American countries. Here we focus on Monterrey, Mexico, (...) a city that has one of the highest rates of cesarean deliveries in the world. We explore aspects that relate to the practice of cesarean section that might shed light on determining why Monterrey has become the capital of cesarean sections. (shrink)

Em 2019 o mundo se viu diante de um cenário desafiador, com a eclosão da pandemia do coronavírus e a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a reclusão da população. Diante disso, emergiu uma reorientação da prestação de serviços e das práticas de sociabilidades, inclusive, com forte impacto no âmbito religioso. Este artigo tem como escopo o uso da rede social Facebook no processo de informação e transmissão das celebrações em santuários católicos. Foram analisados os conteúdos de 92 santuários das (...) Filipinas, Polônia, Vaticano, Itália, França, Espanha, Portugal, Bósnia-Herzegovina, México, Venezuela, Argentina e Brasil. O mapeamento do amplo número de santuários virtuais resulta em usos variados das redes sociais nas transmissões de celebrações, com a construção de novas práticas romeiras e redefinição dos deslocamentos sagrados. (shrink)

La investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar las características de las mujeres jóvenes indígenas chiapanecas que llevan a cabo un desplazamiento migratorio laboral a diversas zonas del estado y al interior de la república mexicana para emplearse como trabajaras domésticas, a través de entrevistas a profundidad porque permiten contextualizar los distintos escenarios y reconstruir sus historias de vida. Migrar constituye una acción voluntaria con implicaciones en el proyecto de vida.

En este documento se parte de la resiliencia como componente que influye de manera positiva para el éxito escolar, se describen los elementos que la configuran, y se discuten con los rasgos particulares de jóvenes que asisten a una escuela secundaria inserta en un contexto considerado de alto riesgo social en México. Se trata de un trabajo cualitativo de perspectiva fenomenológica. El análisis de los datos permitió identificar que los estudiantes responden positivamente a algunos de los atributos que se (...) necesitan para el desarrollo de la resiliencia, mientras que la familia y escuela se convierten en espacios de tensión. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es definir qué son los estudios culturales, de género y literarios. Reflexionar acerca de la relación que hay entre ellos. Debatir cómo es posible el hecho de que puedan intersectarse éstos. E intentar explicar el funcionamiento teórico y metodológico de dichas interdisciplinas. Asimismo, este trabajo ofrece un panorama general con respecto a la situación actual de los estudios de género y los estudios literarios con esta perspectiva en México: ¿qué es lo que se está (...) haciendo?, ¿cómo?, ¿en dónde? (shrink)